cwellan in Old English

IPA: /ˈkwel.lɑn/, [ˈkweɫ.ɫɑn] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan, from Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną (“to torment”). Cognates include Old Saxon quellian, Middle Dutch quellen (Dutch kwellen), Old High German quellen (German quälen), Old Norse kvelja (Danish kvæle). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*kwalljan}} Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*kwaljaną||to torment}} Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną (“to torment”), {{cog|osx|quellian}} Old Saxon quellian, {{cog|dum|quellen}} Middle Dutch quellen, {{cog|nl|kwellen}} Dutch kwellen, {{cog|goh|quellen}} Old High German quellen, {{cog|de|quälen}} German quälen, {{cog|non|kvelja}} Old Norse kvelja, {{cog|da|kvæle}} Danish kvæle Head templates: {{ang-verb}} cwellan Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|cwellan<w1/papp:cweald>}} Forms: weak [table-tags], cwellan [infinitive], cwellenne [infinitive], cwelle [first-person, present, singular], cwealde [first-person, past, singular], cwelest [present, second-person, singular], cwealdest [past, second-person, singular], cweleþ [present, singular, third-person], cwealde [past, singular, third-person], cwellaþ [plural, present], cwealdon [past, plural], cwelle [present, singular], cwealde [past, singular], cwellen [plural, present], cwealden [past, plural], cwele [imperative, past, present, singular], cwellaþ [imperative, past, plural, present], cwellende [imperative, present], cweald [imperative, past], ġecweald [imperative, past]

Inflected forms

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cwellere"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "quellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: quellen, cwellen, quell, quelle, qwell, qwelle, cwellenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: quell\nScots: quell, quel",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: quellen, cwellen, quell, quelle, qwell, qwelle, cwellenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: quell\nScots: quell, quel"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kwalljan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kwaljaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to torment"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną (“to torment”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "quellian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon quellian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "quellen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch quellen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kwellen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kwellen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "quellen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German quellen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "quälen"
      },
      "expansion": "German quälen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kvelja"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kvelja",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "kvæle"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish kvæle",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan, from Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną (“to torment”). Cognates include Old Saxon quellian, Middle Dutch quellen (Dutch kwellen), Old High German quellen (German quälen), Old Norse kvelja (Danish kvæle).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwelle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwelest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealdest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cweleþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealdon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwelle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwele",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cweald",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġecweald",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cwellan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cwellan<w1/papp:cweald>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to kill"
      ],
      "id": "en-cwellan-ang-verb-Ps~5DR-I",
      "links": [
        [
          "kill",
          "kill"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to slay"
      ],
      "id": "en-cwellan-ang-verb-prxsr7E3",
      "links": [
        [
          "slay",
          "slay"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkwel.lɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkweɫ.ɫɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cwellan"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English class 1 weak verbs",
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cwellere"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "quellen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: quellen, cwellen, quell, quelle, qwell, qwelle, cwellenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: quell\nScots: quell, quel",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: quellen, cwellen, quell, quelle, qwell, qwelle, cwellenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: quell\nScots: quell, quel"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kwalljan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kwaljaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to torment"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną (“to torment”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "quellian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon quellian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "quellen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch quellen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kwellen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kwellen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "quellen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German quellen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "quälen"
      },
      "expansion": "German quälen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kvelja"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kvelja",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "kvæle"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish kvæle",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan, from Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną (“to torment”). Cognates include Old Saxon quellian, Middle Dutch quellen (Dutch kwellen), Old High German quellen (German quälen), Old Norse kvelja (Danish kvæle).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwelle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwelest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealdest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cweleþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealdon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwelle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwealden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwele",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cwellende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cweald",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġecweald",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cwellan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cwellan<w1/papp:cweald>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to kill"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kill",
          "kill"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to slay"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slay",
          "slay"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkwel.lɑn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkweɫ.ɫɑn]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cwellan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"cwellan" meaning in Old English

Verb

Inflected forms